Revista da ESPM

março / abril de 2011 – R E V I S T A D A E S P M 141 ES PM The context of social inequality and poverty in Brazil, China and India DENILDE HOLZHACKER PAGE 68 Brazil, China and India combine a growing economic presence in the international system with a history of extreme social inequality and poverty, creating challenges to the competitive insertion of these countries in the international scenery. This article aims at presenting the domestic debate about the state intervention, and its redistribution policies, with the understanding that these policies are associated to the strategies of economic and social development of the countries. Therefore, a diagnosis of the domestic contexts will be made as well as an analysis of the government actions seeking to overcome the extreme poverty and inequality. The importance of the Corporative Diplomat LUIZ GILBERTO MURY PAGE 74 This article analises the reasons for the fall of the participation of manufactured products in the list of Brazilian exports. Based on the official statistics of foreign trade, that show a strong concentration in commodities − resulting in added value to the product overseas – questions besides the exchange rate are identified for the problem. Starting from Gereffi’s (1999) classification for global chains of value, we verify that part of the problem rests on the dependence of Brazilian products on external factors, which occur when the mother company is overseas, or when it is inserted in chains commanded by the buyer. In light of the proposals of Teece (1994) and Paul (2000) about the importance of human capital in the enterprises, and Sarfati’s (2007) about the role of the corporate diplomat, it is proposed that the international insertion of Brazilian enterprises be given in chains commanded by the information, that can be better controlled, but depending on a new professional: the corporate diplomat. The Brazilian foreign policy in the field of human rights: historical perspective and the new challenges MARCOS ALAN S. V. FERREIRA PAGE 100 The article analizes the Brazilian insertion in the themes of human rights. Firstly we make a historic balance of the Brazilian defense of freedom and rights in the international arena. Following, the analysis shows that although Brazil has maintained the theme as one of its priorities of its agenda of foreign policy since the 1970’s, the question was very little discussed during the last eight years of the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Besides, there is the proximity with governments that historically disrespect the political rights and the rights of ethnical and religious minorities, like Iran and Cuba. Finally the article opens the debate: is leadership possible when disregarding the basic rights of individuals in the international system? BRICs or RICs: comparative advantages ROBERTO SIMONARD FILHO PAGE 106 The BRIC theory, developed and presented by the economist Jim O’Neill in 2001, predicts that Brazil will be among the four largest economies of the world by 2050. However, the same theory defines for our country the role of principal world producer of foods, which does not seem enough to place it among the largest economies. We would need, therefore, a production that would have more aggregated value. However, if we need to aggregate value to our production, we would have to overcome great challenges like the deficiencies of infrastructure and, principally, impart quality to our educational system. In a world in which technology has become the fundamental input, the nations that do not qualify adequately their labor force are destined to a secondary role in the new world order. Climbing the “ Zhōõngguó ” wall MARCELO ZOROVICH PAGE 112 Important competitiveness indicators position the government of Peking in a favorable situation compared to Brazil, India and Russia, but also emphasize the internal social challenges targeting more consumers and smaller discrepancies in the second largest economy of the planet. The reforms established in the last 30 years are working, and the zone of influence of China, the most aggressive and populous power in the world chess game go beyond the economic, commercial and political aspects, and appear in other spheres. In spite of the fact that the major part of indicators point positively to the central empire, the Peking government faces challenges, and contrasts that are equally proportional to its production capacity, potential consumers, and vertiginous economic growth. In what position is Brazil? Leader-woman or leader-man? FELA MOSCOVICI PAGE 128 An exploratory research of auto-perception of the modalities of interpersonal behavior in the exercise of leadership was conducted with 102 women-leaders, employing the Questionnaire “Interpersonal Dimensions” of the author. The results were compared to the ones obtained in a similar research with 297 men-leaders conducted more than 35 years ago. The conditioning cultural aspects of the strong points, and of the weak points of the interpersonal responses were studied, which would characterize leadership in our society presently and in the past. From the elaborated inferences, some critical inquiries were formulated about similarities and differences between men and women in the role of leaders.